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Pet Parenting Plan After Divorce

If you are going through the divorce process and are anxious about what will happen to your animals, a pet parenting plan might be the perfect solution to reduce your stress. Although our pets feel like important members of the family, in the eyes of the law, they’re considered property. Like other assets, pets are divided equally between spouses. However, that doesn’t mean that you and your ex cannot come up with your own private custody agreement for your dog or cat. Consistency is the most important thing to remember for your animals. You might also consider a joint account where you and your ex can contribute money for your pets. And finally, make sure that the situation is right for your pet. Hopefully, you and your ex can come up with a custody plan that will allow you both to continue your loving relationship with your pets.

Pet Parenting Plan After Divorce: Doing the Best for Your Best Buddy

What is a Pet Custody Agreement?

A pet custody agreement or pet parenting plan is an agreed-upon contract between exes stating exactly how you’ll be sharing custody of your pets after divorce. Your animals will be considered property during your settlement, so one of you will take sole ownership. However, agreeing to a plan allows you both to share custody of your animal. You can stipulate how often your animal travels back and forth between your houses. And how you’ll pay for food and medical care.

Consistency is Key

If you are working out a pet parenting plan with your ex to share custody, it’s important to remember that animals thrive on consistency. Make sure that you and your ex are both buying the same brands of food and treats for your pets. And keeping relatively similar schedules. You’ll want to at least keep feeding and sleeping schedules the same across your houses. That way, your pet won’t become anxious or suffer from digestive problems.

Consider a Joint Account

It can be helpful to keep one of your joint bank accounts open with your ex if you are creating a pet parenting plan. That way, you can each have a place to contribute to your pet’s expenses. Pet medical care can get incredibly expensive, so it’s a good idea to build up a bit of savings in the account in case anything should happen.

What Works for Your Pet

Finally, when creating a pet parenting plan, it’s important to make sure that it works for your pet. Animals are sensitive creatures. While some dogs and cats do well shuffling back and forth between houses, it can create anxiety for others. If you find that your animal doesn’t seem to be thriving as much, consider changing the schedule.

A pet parenting plan is a great way to stipulate exactly how you and your ex will handle custody of any animals after divorce. Since only one of you will actually own the pet, an agreement like this can ensure that both of you are able to maintain your relationship with your dog. To some it might seem silly to go through all of the hassle of a custody agreement for a pet. However, many dog and cat owners understand that their pets become important members of the family. When working out your plan, make sure that you’re keeping your pet’s diet and schedule consistent across your houses. You might also consider opening a joint account for pet expenses. And finally, make sure that your pet is handling this transition well. Hopefully, you all can find an arrangement that works for you and for your animals.

Navigating a High-Conflict Divorce

A high-conflict divorce can be incredibly taxing and stressful for everybody involved. Divorce is often contentious, but some are more explosive than others. If you are going through a very stressful divorce, it can be helpful to seek the advice of professionals. Having an experienced team around you to help you navigate the emotional and legal aspects of the situation can help you feel more in control. It can also help to practice calming techniques to reduce your anxiety. Finally, there are some tactics you can use when interacting with your ex that might be able to help keep things a little calmer. Hopefully, you’ll be able to finalize your divorce quickly and begin the process of healing and moving on.

Navigating a High-Conflict Divorce: Reducing Stress and Calming the Waters

Contributing Factors

Many things can contribute to high-conflict divorce. Sometimes, spouses let spite and resentment control the situation, rather than reason. If you or your ex are making decisions just to hurt the other, things will likely escalate. Child custody issues can also increase the tension in any divorce proceeding, especially if you feel that your ex is not a suitable caregiver. And of course, emotions can also run high if there is infidelity.

Seeking Professional Help

If you are going through a high-conflict divorce, surrounding yourself with experienced professionals can help you feel like you’re more in control. For instance, a mediator can help you settle issues outside of court. An attorney can help you fight for what you deserve with your settlement. And therapy can help you manage your stress levels and begin the healing process.

Calming Techniques

Calming techniques can help you settle down if you are going through a high-conflict divorce. Practice breathing exercises like deep breathing, mentally counting, or a 4-7-8 breath. Meditation, journaling, and yoga can all help you feel calmer at the end of the day. And finally, getting exercise, taking time for yourself, and getting outside some each day can also help you reduce stress.

Reducing Conflict

Finally, there are some tactics you can use to reduce the tension in a high-conflict divorce. For example, improving your communication skills with your ex can be helpful. Speaking from your perspective about how you feel rather than accusing your spouse can go a long way. Additionally, communicating in writing can help you organize your thoughts and prevent you from saying things in the heat of the moment that you’ll regret later. Finally, it’s helpful to prioritize the things that are most important to you with your settlement and let the rest go. Don’t get hung up on petty arguments, but instead, focus on the bigger picture.

High-conflict divorce is difficult for anybody to handle. While every divorce is stressful in its way, particularly contentious ones can leave you feeling quite shaken. Tensions might run high because of several factors, like custody disputes, infidelity, or simply a conflict of personalities. Enlist the help of qualified professionals like mediators, attorneys, and therapists to help you navigate these tricky waters. Use calming techniques like exercise or journaling to help you clear your head. And finally, try to calm tensions by improving communication with your ex and learning to compromise. While no divorce is fun, some can be draining. Hopefully, you can get the settlement you deserve and begin to move on quickly.

Common Triggers for Divorce

People divorce for many different reasons, however, there are some common triggers for divorce that tend to break couples up more often than others. For example, infidelity can quickly lead to a lack of trust between partners. Many couples end up choosing divorce because their relationship is stagnant, or because they realize that they are going down different paths in life. Money issues are another common reason for stress in a marriage. And finally, some couples decide to divorce because of a lack of intimacy. If you and your partner are experiencing any of these struggles, the best thing you can do is establish clear communication with one another. Marriage counseling can be hugely beneficial. Hopefully, you’ll be able to navigate these hurdles and make your relationship even stronger.

Common Triggers for Divorce and How to Navigate Them in Your Marriage

Infidelity

One of the most common triggers for divorce is cheating. Affairs often happen because couples stop communicating with one another or begin seeking solace outside of their relationship. The best way to avoid this is to establish clear and honest communication from the start of your marriage. Letting your partner know your needs both emotionally and physically can help you avoid turning outside of your marriage to fill them. It’s also important to keep putting effort into your relationship and to show appreciation for your partner.

Stagnation

Another common trigger for divorce is simply stagnation. Couples begin to grow apart or realize that their values are changing. Sometimes, they find that their visions of the future no longer align. If you and your partner are experiencing this, it’s helpful to speak to a therapist and work together to figure out if you can find common ground.

Money Woes

Money struggles are another of the most common triggers for divorce. Finances are a stressful topic for everybody, and going through rough patches with money can really put a strain on your relationship. Being honest and open about finances can help you tackle money struggles together. Work with one another to set goals for your future and your savings, and then discuss ways to save money in your day-to-day life.

Lack of Intimacy

Finally, lack of intimacy is another common reason for couples to seek divorce. Sex is an integral part of your relationship, but intimacy can also just be about emotional connection. Consider being a little spontaneous if you feel like your spark is sizzling out. Plan an exciting date night, try a new activity together, or spend quality time without your phones or distractions. Again, communicating honestly about your feelings can help you reconnect with one another.

While people choose to end marriages for various reasons, these common triggers for divorce are some of the struggles that many couples reference when splitting up. Infidelity is a common reason for breakups, as is stagnation in the relationship. Money struggles and a lack of intimacy are also common stressors. The best way to navigate any of these common issues is to communicate with one another. A marriage counselor can give you the tools you need to learn better communication techniques. They can help you reconnect and strengthen your bond with one another. Remember, marriages require effort from both partners. You and your spouse must both decide to put your relationship first so that you can get over these struggles and come out stronger on the other side.

Navigating Parental Guilt during a Divorce

Parental guilt during divorce is a very common response for nearly all parents who go through a separation. However, it’s important to look at the bigger picture. Remind yourself that your children will be happier in the long run with parents who live separately and can co-parent peacefully than parents who stay in an unhappy marriage. And work on improving your relationship as co-parents so that you can all stay close as a family. Take steps to reduce your stress and prioritize your mental health. And most of all, be patient. These feelings will pass as you begin to see how quickly your children will adjust to their new normal. Hopefully, the transition period won’t take long and everybody will be happier in the long run.

Navigating Parental Guilt during a Divorce: Doing What’s Best

Look at the Big Picture

When navigating parental guilt during divorce, it’s helpful to remind yourself that you aren’t the only parent experiencing these feelings. It’s very common and perfectly normal. But it’s important to make decisions that work for your entire family, not just your children. If divorce is the best course of action for you and your ex, then your children will be better off in the long run.

Co-Parent Peacefully

To help ease parental guilt during divorce, it can help to establish a healthy co-parenting relationship with your ex. The more the two of you can get along, the better off it will be for your kids. Especially if you can be at social events together without creating drama. That will allow you to be present at important events for your children throughout their lives.

De-Stress

It’s also helpful to concentrate on limiting stress when dealing with parental guilt during a divorce. You can try mindfulness exercises like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga. Journaling can also be very helpful. If you are struggling, speaking with a therapist can be very helpful. Additionally, exercise and spending time outside are also helpful in reducing anxiety.

Be Patient

Finally, be patient when navigating parental guilt during a divorce. During the beginning of the divorce process, emotions can run high for everybody. However, you all will begin easing into your new lifestyles quickly. Hopefully, your children will adjust easily to your custody situation and you can get them the age-appropriate resources and support they need to process their emotions.

It’s very normal to feel parental guilt during a divorce. However, you shouldn’t have to. Staying in an unhappy marriage won’t allow you or your ex to be the parents you can be. Sometimes, as painful as it is, divorce is the best option in the long run for everybody. If you are going through emotional ups and downs, try to be patient with yourself and remember that this too shall pass. Concentrate on becoming cordial with your ex so that you can co-parent peacefully. Use de-stressing techniques to ease anxiety, and speak to a professional if you are struggling. Hopefully, you will all adjust quickly to the changes in your lives and will realize that the stress of the divorce is well worth it for your overall happiness.

Remarrying After Divorce: Things to Consider

If you’re considering remarrying after divorce, there are some important things to keep in mind. You want to make sure that your second marriage goes the distance, so it can be helpful to take things slow before making such a big decision. Speak to an attorney to make sure you understand any legal implications of getting remarried. Give it some time after your divorce is final before jumping back into marriage to make sure that things are right and that you aren’t rushing the decision. Have the money talk up front this time, and consider a prenuptial agreement. And finally, don’t forget to consider your children’s feelings about the marriage before agreeing. Hopefully, you’ll be able to move forward with your new partner and have a lasting and happy second marriage. 

Remarrying After Divorce: Things to Consider Before Making the Decision

Speak to an Attorney

It’s important to speak to an attorney before remarrying after divorce. There aren’t often legal restrictions on remarrying, but it’s still a good idea to check. However, your alimony, support payments, and child support might be affected. It’s important to understand all of the legal implications of choosing to remarry.

Take Your Time

It’s also helpful to give yourself plenty of time before remarrying after divorce. Getting married right after your divorce is finalized can create a lot of mixed emotions for family and friends. Plus, it might mean that you are rushing into things before the time is right. Allow yourself plenty of time to heal from the emotional upheaval of the divorce process.

Have the Money Talk

Oftentimes, money is one of the contributing factors to divorce. If that was the case for your first marriage, it’s important to have the money talk before remarrying after divorce. You might even consider a prenuptial agreement this time to protect yourself financially. While you definitely won’t want to go through another divorce, it’s especially important to avoid the financial upheaval a second time. Get comfortable talking about money with your new partner so that finances aren’t a stressor in your new relationship.

Consider Your Children’s Feelings

Finally, before remarrying after divorce, it’s important to make sure that your children are on board with the idea. They might have a lot of emotions about your divorce and your new relationship. While you deserve to be happy with whomever you want, it’s also important to give your children plenty of time to acclimate to the idea of you marrying a new person. Consider family counseling if you and your children are struggling to get on the same page with your plans for the future.

Although many people going through a divorce say they’ll never walk down the aisle again, remarrying after a divorce is pretty common. If you’re considering walking down the aisle with a new partner, it’s important to consider all of the implications. An attorney can help you figure out if it will affect your support payments and if there are any concerns legally. Additionally, it’s important to take plenty of time to heal emotionally from your divorce. Spend the time making sure that you and your new partner are a great match in every way. For example, have the money talk upfront so that finances don’t become a source of anxiety in your marriage. And make sure that your children are on board with you remarrying. Hopefully, everybody will be happy and you can move forward with your new partner to a lasting and happy future together. 

Ending an Affair with a Coworker

Ending an affair with a coworker, whether physical or emotional, is the right move to make if you want to preserve your marriage. Whether you decide to tell your spouse or not, ending the affair is the first place to start. Try to distance yourself from your coworker as much as your possibly can. In addition, don’t set yourself up for failure by being alone with them or in risky situations. Purge your social media and stop all contact outside of the office. And finally, avoid the temptation to become “just friends.” Instead, opt for a clean break and remain professional acquaintances but nothing more. Hopefully, you can end the affair and avoid any future infidelity.

Ending an Affair with a Coworker: How to Make a Cleaner Break

Distance Yourself If Possible

Ending an affair with a coworker is easiest if you can physically distance yourself from them. If you sit near them, ask to move your desk or office to another part of the building. You might also consider a lateral move within your company to get some distance. You must be the judge of how much distance you need to avoid repeating the affair.

Don’t Be Alone

Don’t set yourself up for failure if you’re attempting to end an affair with a coworker. Don’t allow yourselves to be alone in the office, for example. Or go on work trips together. Instead, bring along a buffer coworker if possible, and make sure that you have other people around whenever you interact with one another. In addition, avoid situations where you might be drinking around them without your spouse present like company parties or after-work events.

Purge Your Social Media

It can also be helpful to purge your social media and cut off all non-work-related interactions when ending an affair with a coworker. Delete or unfollow them on Facebook and Instagram. If you can delete their contact information from your phone, then do so. Stop all contact with them that isn’t work-related. Instead, if you must email them or speak to them, pretend like your boss is overseeing the interaction. That way, you’ll remain professional at all times.

Don’t Become “Just Friends”

Finally, after ending an affair with a coworker, resist the temptation to become “just friends.” This typically doesn’t work out, and can often lead to disastrous consequences. Either you end up repeating your affair, or you end up in a fight with them because neither of you can be just friends without feelings bubbling up. Instead of trying to be “friends,” try to simply be coworkers or acquaintances and leave it at that.

If you are having an affair with a coworker but are wanting to recommit to your spouse, the first step is ending the affair. How you decide to proceed with your partner from there is your decision. However, saying that you are done with the affair and then repeating it and going back on your word is never a good idea. To ensure that the infidelity is over, try to distance yourself from them as much as possible. If you have to remain coworkers, try to avoid being in compromising situations with them. In addition, cut off all ties with them that are not strictly work-related. And finally, don’t try to be friends with them. Simply being work acquaintances is the closest you need to be. Hopefully, you can make a clean break and then decide how you want to move forward with your marriage.

Blending Adoptive and Biological Children

If you are considering adopting or fostering a child, blending adoptive and biological children is a great way to expand your family. However, it’s important to remember that this is a big change for everybody. If you already have biological children and are considering welcoming a new sibling, make sure that you include them in the process. Use appropriate language and try to communicate on their level. Listen to them about any concerns they have, and talk openly about the importance of adoption. And finally, try to control your own bias. Expanding your family in any way is a big change, but one that you’ll probably be very grateful for.

Blending Adoptive and Biological Children: Smoothing Family Relations

Include Children in the Process

If you are blending adoptive and biological children, it can be very helpful to include your kids in the process beforehand. Let them know about your plans to adopt or foster a child. Give them ways to help with making the transition more smooth for everybody. Let them get creative and help decorate their new sibling’s room, or let them pick out a welcome gift.

Use Loving Language

It’s also important to speak to children appropriately if you are considering blending adoptive and biological children. Use loving and encouraging language to talk about fostering or adoption. Avoid phrases like “given up for adoption.” If your children are of different ethnicities or races, explain why diversity is something to celebrate. And remind them why it’s important for everybody to feel loved.

Communicate Openly

Be willing to listen and communicate openly when blending adoptive and biological children. Reassure your biological children that your affection for them will not change if they’re feeling nervous about having a new sibling. Answer questions honestly and try to smooth over any anxieties they have about welcoming a new family member.

Control Personal Bias

Finally, when blending adoptive and biological children, it’s important to periodically check in with your own bias. While everybody wants to think that they treat all their children equally, in high-pressure situations like a crisis or injury, sometimes personal biases can come out. It’s important to monitor this in yourself and seek professional help if you feel that you are struggling with favoritism.

If you are considering adopting or fostering a child after having biological children, it can be an amazing way to expand and complete your family. However, it’s important to remember that blending adoptive and biological children can be a big change for everybody. So it’s important to take the right steps to make sure that the process is as smooth as it can be. Talk to your children ahead of time and prepare them for the process. Let them be involved so that they get excited about welcoming a new sibling. Speak to them in appropriate language, and allow for open and honest communication. Finally, try to address any personal bias and be aware of the ways that you speak to and about your children. Hopefully, your family will welcome a new member with a smooth and easy transition.

Getting Past the Seven-Year Itch

The “Seven Year Itch” is the idea that couples who are together for a long time eventually reach a rut in their marriage; typically around the seven-year mark. Psychologists debate over whether or not the phenomenon is real, but it is very common for couples to divorce around the seven-to-eight-year mark. If you’re feeling a little stagnant in your relationship, it might be time for a reality check. Remember that everybody goes through ups and downs. Try to carve out some quality time together to get to the bottom of your feelings. Be spontaneous and try something new with your spouse to liven things up. And finally, work on improving your communication by being a good listener and perhaps giving marriage counseling a try. Hopefully, you and your spouse can make it through the seven-year slump and continue with a strong marriage.

Getting Past the Seven-Year Itch: Strengthening Your Marriage

Reality Check

The seven-year itch may or may not be real, but the fact of the matter is that all relationships have their ups and downs. It’s perfectly normal to have times when you’re feeling restless and others when you’re passionate about your spouse. Try to remember that normally the doldrums don’t last. Additionally, remember to avoid comparing your marriage to others you see on social media. You probably aren’t seeing the whole story.

Quality Time

If you’re feeling the seven-year itch, it might be time to get back to basics with your relationship. Schedule a little quality time together and spend it focusing just on one another. Get a babysitter, take a day off work, or set aside your phone to avoid distractions. Spend the day talking and feeling relaxed with your spouse. It might just be that the stress of life and family obligations is making you forget how special they are.

Try Something New

It’s also helpful to be spontaneous and try something new with your partner if you’re experiencing the seven-year itch. Play hooky for a day and go on a mini-day trip together. Or sign up for a salsa dancing class. Get outside of your comfort zone and outside of the repetitiveness of everyday life. Being vulnerable together by trying something you’re both new at can break up some of the log jams.

Improve Communication

Finally, one surefire way to improve any relationship is to improve your communication skills. And the same is true if you’re going through the seven-year itch. Practice listening to your partner without distractions and with all of your attention. Ask insightful questions and show interest in their passions. Seeking out a marriage counselor to help you improve communication is also a great idea.

Relationships all have their ups and downs, and finding yourself in a marriage slump is not uncommon. Luckily though, this so-called seven-year itch typically doesn’t last forever. Often, couples feel like they’re in a rut because the responsibilities of work and childcare are leaving them exhausted at the end of the day with no time left over for their spouse. So go back to the basics and remind yourself that it’s perfectly normal. Spend some quality time together trying something new and getting out of your comfort zone. And work on your communication skills so you can connect more easily. Finally, remember that this too shall pass. Be patient with yourselves and remember that every marriage takes work. You can get over any hurdle together if you’re willing to put in the effort.

Where Should I Live Post-Divorce?

Figuring out where to live post-divorce can be a very stressful part of the overall divorce process. Some couples choose to have one person remain in the family home while the other moves out. If this is the case for you and your ex, think about finances when deciding where to move. It’s also important to consider whether you want to rent or buy and make sure that you don’t get yourself into a situation where you are spending beyond your means. For others, it makes more sense to try alternative custody arrangements like nesting or double nesting. It’s important to figure out what makes the most sense for you and your family. Hopefully, you can find a new place soon where you can begin fresh in your new post-divorce life.

Where Should I Live Post-Divorce? Figuring Things Out After the Divorce is Over

Consider Finances

If you are considering where to live post-divorce, finances are an important factor to consider. It’s best to take a look at your overall financial health after the divorce is final. Figure out a feasible budget and speak with a realtor and lender about your options. It might make sense to purchase a property that can build you equity. For others, it might make more sense to rent.

Don’t Stretch the Budget

It’s important to avoid becoming “house poor” when you are considering properties post-divorce. House poor is a term that means that you can afford your house, but it’s taking up all of your income. You might not default on your mortgage, however, you don’t have room left in your budget to do anything else. For example, travel, save, or purchase anything fun. When considering a property’s price, make sure that it fits easily into the budget rather than being a stretch.

Consider Location

Another big consideration when considering properties post-divorce is location. Especially if you share custody of your children. You’ll want to be close to them for purposes of custody hand-offs with your ex. It’s also helpful to be close to their school or extra-curricular activities. This way, you can cut down on travel time when doing custody switches with your ex.

Alternative Custody Arrangements

While many couples choose to have one parent stay in the family home and the other move out to a new property, others choose alternative custody arrangements. One of these is called nesting. If you choose to do nesting, you and your ex would switch off living in the home with the kids and living in a separate apartment. Another arrangement is called double nesting. This means that both ex’s live in the same home with the children, but each has their own space. Both of these arrangements require you to have a cooperative relationship with your ex.

Figuring out where to live post-divorce can be complicated, and a lot depends on your specific situation. If you and your ex get along very well, you might consider some custody arrangements where you share spaces like nesting or double nesting. If you’d rather have some separation you can go the more traditional route of finding a new house or apartment to rent. It’s important to consider your budget and make sure that you aren’t stretching yourself too thin financially with the cost of the home or rental price. Additionally, make sure that you are keeping in mind the location and proximity to your children if you share custody. Hopefully, you can find the perfect set-up for your family so that you can move on to the next stage of life.

When Emotional Abuse Becomes Physical

If you are in a relationship where emotional abuse becomes physical, it’s important to get the support you need to get out safely. Domestic violence can take many forms, but all abuse stems from a place of wanting to have power and control over a victim. While not all emotional abusers will become physical abusers, mistreatment of a partner does tend to escalate. It’s important to be able to recognize the signs of emotional abuse and to notice when things begin escalating into physical abuse. If you are in a relationship that involves domestic violence of any form, you need to leave safely. Make sure that you take steps to protect yourself and any children in the house, make a plan, and get the support you need to leave. After you are safely away, you can decide if you would like to take legal action against your abuser.

When Emotional Abuse Becomes Physical: Escalation

Emotional Abuse

Emotional abuse can be difficult to spot in a relationship because the signs can be subtle. Oftentimes, people engaging in emotional abuse try to belittle their partners or make them question their reality. They might use threats, insults, yelling, or gaslighting as a tactic. Victims often begin to question their reality as well as their self-worth. This can make it harder for them to get out of the relationship.

Physical Abuse

Emotional abuse becomes physical as soon as a partner lays a hand on you. Physical abuse might include hitting, kicking, choking, or restraining. However, it can also be more subtle as well. Sleep deprivation, forcing you to consume alcohol or drugs, or preventing you from being able to seek medical help are also forms of physical abuse.

Noticing Escalation

It’s important to be able to notice when emotional abuse becomes physical and to know the signs of abuse to watch out for in the first place. Often, abusers will be overly controlling of their partners from the start of the relationship. They might show extreme jealousy, or be quick to anger. Finally, they might begin trying to isolate their victim from friends and family. Noticing any of these signs might mean that it’s time to take a closer look at your relationship and decide whether or not it’s crossing the line of abuse.

Getting Out Safely

If you find yourself in a relationship where emotional abuse becomes physical, or even in a relationship that has red flags of abuse, it’s time to leave. If you have children, it’s important to leave the abusive relationship before they are hurt. Make a plan to leave when your partner is away from the house. Contact a friend or family member that you trust to help you make a plan to get away safely. There are also local support systems in place that can help you if you are a victim of domestic violence of any form.

Domestic violence is a serious crime. And unfortunately, there is often an escalation where emotional abuse becomes physical. Abusers do not stop hurting their victims on their own. Instead, they often escalate to more and more violent forms of abuse. If you are experiencing emotional abuse, it could escalate into physical abuse against you or the children in your home. Therefore, if you notice any signs early on in your relationship, like a controlling partner or a partner that tries to isolate you from friends, leave. Domestic violence can be extremely dangerous and emotionally damaging for victims. And it can also be deadly. Getting the support you need to safely leave is the only way to protect yourself. Only then can you begin the process of healing and consider bringing legal action.